Operator Overloading

Customizes the C++ operands of user-defined types.

Overloaded operators are functions with special function names:

from operator overloading - cppreference.com

Example of Operator Overloading

If we want to define a new operation where two objects can be summed together (in this case, complex numbers), we can overload the + operator as follows:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
    int real, imag;

public:
    Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0){
        real = r;
        imag = i;
    }

    // This is automatically called when '+' is used with
    // between two Complex objects
    Complex operator+(Complex const& obj){
        Complex res;
        res.real = real + obj.real;
        res.imag = imag + obj.imag;
        return res;
    }
    void print() { cout << real << " + i" << imag << '\n'; }
};

int main(){
    Complex c1(10, 5), c2(2, 4);
    Complex c3 = c1 + c2;
    c3.print();
}

This example was extracted from Operator Overloading in C++ - GeeksforGeeks